Canada’s Energy Transition: Historical and Future Changes to Energy Systems – Update – An Energy Market Assessment
8. Bibliography and Data
Bibliography
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American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (2014). “The Best Value for America’s Energy Dollar: A National Review of the Cost of Utility Energy Efficiency Programs”
Bataille, C. et al. (2015). “Pathways to Deep Decarbonization in Canada”. Published by: Sustainable Development Solutions Network and Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations
Bataille, C. et al. (2018). “A review of technology and policy deep decarbonization pathway options for making energy-intensive industry production consistent with the Paris Agreement”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, pp. 960-973
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BP (2019). “BP Energy Outlook: 2019”. Retrieved from: BP Energy Economics
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Coad, L. et al. (2018). “The Cost of a Cleaner Future: Examining the Economic Impacts of Reducing GHG Emissions”. Retrieved from: The Conference Board of Canada
The Conference Board of Canada (2016). “How Canada Performs: Environment Report Card”
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Energy Information Administration (2014, 9 May). “Today in Energy: Recycling is the primary energy efficiency technology for aluminum and steel manufacturing”
Environment and Climate Change Canada (2016). “Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change”
Environment and Climate Change Canada (2016). “Canada’s Mid-Century Long-term Low-Greenhouse Gas Development Strategy”
Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018, 14 June). “Regulations for trucks, buses, and large vehicles cut pollution, improve air quality, and boost competitiveness”. [Press Release]
Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018, 12 December). “Canada’s coal power phase-out reaches another milestone”. [Press Release]
Environment and Climate Change Canada (2019). “National Inventory Report 1990-2017: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada”
Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018). “Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change: Annual Synthesis Report on the Status of Implementation”
Environmental Protection Agency (2017). “Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Understanding Global Warming Potentials”
European Academies Science Advisory Council (2018) “Negative emission technologies: What role in meeting Paris Agreement targets?”
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Government of Alberta (2018, September). “Environmental performance: oil sands emissions intensity”
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Government of Canada (2018). “Estimated impacts of the Federal Carbon Pollution Pricing System”
International Energy Agency (2016). “Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2015 Review”
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Data Sources
| Figure 1: Useful Energy and Losses in Canada | CESAR: Sankey diagrams associated with fuel and electricity production and use in Canada NRCan: Generation Energy Council Report |
| Figure 2: Energy Consumption: OECD and Non-OECD Nations, 1965-2017 | BP: Statistical Review of World Energy 2018 |
| Table 2: Energy Density and Carbon Emissions from Various Fuels | University of Washington Quaschning, V.: Specific Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Various Fuels |
| Figure 3: Global Primary Energy Consumption by Fuel, 1850 – 2017 | Data from 1850 – 1959: Grübler, A.: data appendix from “Technology and Global Change” Data from 1960 – 2017: BP: Statistical Review of World Energy 2018 |
| Figure 4: Global GHG Emissions and Canada’s Share, 1990 – 2014 | CAIT: Climate Data Explorer |
| Figure 5: Canada’s Historical GHG Emissions and 2030 Target | ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017 |
| Figure 6: Energy Intensity for OECD Economies and Select NICs, 2015 | World Bank: Energy intensity level of primary energy |
| Figure 7: GHG Emissions by Sector in Canada, 1990 – 2017 | ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017 |
| Figure 8: Index of Economy, Energy, and Emissions Factors in Canada, 1981 – 2017 | Statistics Canada: Tables 25-10-0004-01, 25-10-0029-01, 36-10-0222-01, and 17-01-0005-01 ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017 |
| Figure 9: GHG Emissions by Country: Intensity and Per Capita, 2015 | CAIT: Climate Data Explorer |
| Figure 10: Total Electricity Generation and Generation Intensity by Province, 1990 vs. 2017 | ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017 |
| Figure 11: Installed Electricity Capacity in Canada, 2005 – 2017 | NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018 |
| Figure 12: Canadian End-Use Energy Demand and Electricity Generation by Fuel, 2017 | NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018 |
| Figure 13: Growth of Transportation Sector GHG Emissions, 1990 and 2017 | ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017 |
| Figure 14: Growth of Electric Vehicles in Canada, 2012 – 2018 | Statistics Canada: Table 20-10-0001-01 Fleet Carma Klippenstein, M.: Canada EV Sales Data |
| Figure 15: Share of Energy Use and GHG Emissions from Industry, 1990 and 2016 | NRCan: National Energy Use Database, Industrial Sector – Aggregated Industries (Table 3) |
| Figure 16: Residential Space Heating System Stock Share, 1990 – 2016 | NRCan: National Energy Use Database, Residential Space Heating System Stock Share |
| Figure 17: Commercial Building Energy Use and Intensity by Age of Construction, 2014 | NRCan: National Energy Use Database, Survey of Commercial and Institutional Energy Use, Table 18 |
| Figure 18: Primary Energy Demand Projections for 2030: EF2007 vs. EF2018 | NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2007 NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018 |
| Figure 19: Primary Energy Demand: EF2007 Cases vs. Historical, 2005 – 2017 | NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2007 NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018 |
| Figure 20: Primary Energy Demand Intensity: EF2018 Reference Case, 2005 – 2040 | NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018 |
| Figure 21: Fossil Fuel Use and Intensity: EF2018 Reference vs. Technology Cases | NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018 |
| Figure 22: Pathways to Achieving Emissions Reductions in Canada | NEB calculations |
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